Chris Colocousis sits for a portrait, layered with a screenshot of a text message exchange with a woman he was communicating with who turned out to be a scammer, in this long exposure photograph at his home in Raynham, Mass., Tuesday, March 10, 2026. (AP Photo/David Goldman)
Safeer Mohammed Koorimannil, who was trafficked into scamming, looks out from the window of his CM Fisheries office before starting the day, in Sulthan Bathery in the southern state of Kerala, India, Thursday, March 12, 2026. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)
Chris Colocousis holds up a screenshot of the fake app where he invested his savings showing his account had more than doubled to nearly $826,000 as part of a scam in which he says he lost $400,000 at his home in Raynham, Mass., Tuesday, March 10, 2026. (AP Photo/David Goldman)
Safeer Mohammed Koorimannil displays a photograph on his mobile phone documenting injuries he said he sustained when his employers at the Tai Chang scam compound in Myanmar, beat him for underperformance in Sulthan Bathery in the southern state of Kerala, India, Thursday, March 12, 2026. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)
Chris Colocousis, whose retirement savings were stolen by a scammer, starts up his motorcycle on a warm winter day outside his home in Raynham, Mass., Tuesday, March 10, 2026. (AP Photo/David Goldman)
Chris Colocousis sits for a portrait, layered with a screenshot of a text message exchange with a woman he was communicating with who turned out to be a scammer, in this long exposure photograph at his home in Raynham, Mass., Tuesday, March 10, 2026. (AP Photo/David Goldman)
Safeer Mohammed Koorimannil, who was trafficked into scamming, looks out from the window of his CM Fisheries office before starting the day, in Sulthan Bathery in the southern state of Kerala, India, Thursday, March 12, 2026. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)
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Chris Colocousis holds up a screenshot of the fake app where he invested his savings showing his account had more than doubled to nearly $826,000 as part of a scam in which he says he lost $400,000 at his home in Raynham, Mass., Tuesday, March 10, 2026. (AP Photo/David Goldman)
David Goldman
Safeer Mohammed Koorimannil displays a photograph on his mobile phone documenting injuries he said he sustained when his employers at the Tai Chang scam compound in Myanmar, beat him for underperformance in Sulthan Bathery in the southern state of Kerala, India, Thursday, March 12, 2026. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)
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Chris Colocousis, whose retirement savings were stolen by a scammer, starts up his motorcycle on a warm winter day outside his home in Raynham, Mass., Tuesday, March 10, 2026. (AP Photo/David Goldman)
One thought he was getting to know 鈥淓liza鈥 and was robbed of his life savings. The other was trafficked to a scam compound, beaten and forced to become 鈥淓lla鈥 online. Separated by thousands of miles, Chris Colocousis and Safeer Mohammed Koorimannil inhabited opposite sides of the global cyberscam industry.
An has found that American technology is present鈥痑ll along鈥痶he digital supply chains that connect people like Colocousis and Koorimannil. Most public scrutiny鈥痟as focused on the social media鈥痯latforms鈥痸ictims see. But the infrastructure exploited to commit fraud begins much farther upstream, from AI models baked into powerful new tools to optimize workflow and create more perfect fakes, to satellite dishes that enable scammers to evade internet crackdowns, to internet service providers that carry traffic from the lawless borderlands of Myanmar to the phones and computers of millions of victims.
Though these U.S. tech companies aren鈥檛 doing anything illegal themselves, watchdogs say they have the technical capacity to do more to protect against abuse 鈥 but lack the legal, regulatory and business incentives to crack down.
At first, all Colocousis saw was that the woman who reached out to him on Facebook had a New York phone number and said she worked at a well-known financial firm in Atlanta.
鈥淓liza鈥 suggested a video call. And there she was 鈥 the same blond beauty as in her Facebook photos. She even had little bags under her eyes. She was too鈥痳eal鈥痭ot to be real.
Now鈥疌olocousis, a divorced man in his 60s, has no idea where 鈥淓liza鈥 really is, whether he was talking with her or with ChatGPT鈥 and even if鈥痵he鈥檚鈥痑 she. He does know that the $400,000 he said he 鈥渋nvested鈥 under Eliza鈥檚 guidance is now gone, and with it, the secure retirement he鈥檇 spent years working for.
鈥淚 think I have a degree of PTSD from it, to be honest with you. I still wake up occasionally in the middle of the night with anxiety where it just all of a sudden hits me,鈥 he said from his home in Massachusetts. 鈥淚 really never want to leave my house.鈥
Colocousis said he鈥檇 planned to retire in a few years but now is going to have to keep working instead and may take out a home equity loan.
鈥淢ost people react when they find out somebody was scammed, is like, how stupid could you be? Well, I鈥檓 an educated guy. You know, what is my flaw in this? My flaw is I was looking for a companionship,鈥 he said. 鈥淚鈥檓 at peace for now being by myself.鈥
All Koorimannil, 30, knew was that his computer at the Tai Chang scam compound in Myanmar ran specialized software that enabled him to target some 50,000 victims from鈥痑t least鈥17 countries in a month, according to records he smuggled out to AP.鈥疕is 鈥渃lients鈥 included鈥痑 widowed tailor in Kurdistan, a pastry chef in Turkey, soldiers in Iraq, an engineer in Russia and a building painter in Germany. With the help of security non-profit C4ADS, AP found that the tools Koorimannil used were powered, in part, by American artificial intelligence models.
On a typical shift, Koorimannil said he chatted鈥痺ith more than 100 people across dozens of profiles at the same time,鈥痑s supervisors prowled among the desks with electric鈥痓atons. He said he was beaten for being bad at鈥痵camming鈥痯eople, and photographs show his body鈥痳ed鈥痑nd鈥痵wollen with鈥痩ashes.
鈥淲hen they came near my computer, my hands would shake and sweat,鈥 he told AP in his native Malayalam language鈥痜rom his home in southern India.
At night, he鈥痵aid,鈥痟e鈥痑nd his best friend curled in the same narrow bunk, too frightened to sleep alone.
Koorimannil said he paid more than $5,000 for his freedom and now works in his family fish business. He sometimes struggles to accept the dimensions of the life he was born to, but ambition cost him too much.
鈥淚鈥檝e learned to stay hungry and I have learned to be patient,鈥 he said. 鈥淚 was not like this before. After coming back from Myanmar, I know how to be hungry and patient.鈥
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This is a documentary photo story curated by AP photo editors.
