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"The ocean can be a very unforgiving environment," said Cameron.

The Titan's owner, OceanGate, has now ceased commercial and exploration operations.

Remotely operated vehicles have retrieved parts of the Titan from the ocean floor, as well as what are believed to be human remains.

The submersible broke apart as it neared the Titanic wreckage on June 18, killing all five people aboard, including OceanGate CEO Stockton Rush. Also killed in the implosion were two members of a prominent Pakistani family, Shahzada Dawood and his son Suleman Dawood, British adventurer Hamish Harding and Titanic expert Paul-Henri Nargeolet.

Cameron said Nargeolet was a good friend and the pair had a friendly competition over who had the most experience deepsea diving.

"It's an emotional shock."

Cameron was in Ottawa Tuesday for the opening of a new exhibition about his own submersible, the Deepsea Challenger.

In 2012, he descended to the deepest part of the ocean in the Challenger, diving 11,000 metres into the Mariana's Trench in the Pacific Ocean.

He called the green-and-blue submersible, now on display at the Royal Canadian Geographic Society, an example of proper engineering and preparation before entering an underwater expedition.

"I'm a screenwriter. I can create lots of nasty scenarios in my mind, and then we can engineer against them," Cameron said.

He said engineers have to account for the many possible risks that can lead to failures with submersible designs. Over a seven-year period before the journey, he said, "We had tested everything."

"That's how it should be," he said.

Cameron said he did 10- to 12-hour simulations in the Deepsea Challenger, preparing for a range of situations including a fire on board.

"We did it like NASA," he said. "I entered this vehicle with great confidence in the vehicle."

Cameron said submersibles have a proven track record of safety.

"I think it's really important for people to remember that we have over a half-century of (a) perfect safety record as the deep submergence community," he said.

Cameron also said he wouldn't be surprised to see new regulatory efforts in response to the Titan implosion.

He said those regulations should be specific to vessels that are carrying passengers, and should be treated the same way as existing measures for boats or ships.

This report by ¹ú²úÓÕ»ó¸£Àû was first published July 18, 2023.

— With files from The Associated Press