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The department's release said the guidance was issued to “reiterate and provide clarity� regarding hospital consent requirements. Federal regulations previously mentioned obtaining consent for “important tasks� related to surgeries, and did not provide the level of detail about medical students.

If hospitals don’t obtain explicit consent, they may be ineligible for participation in Medicare and Medicaid programs, and also may be subject to fines and investigations if they violate patient privacy laws, Office of Civil Rights director Melanie Fontes Rainer said.

Doctors and medical students sometimes perform exams of sensitive areas for training purposes when a patient is under anesthesia. requiring a patient's consent.

HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra and other top health officials criticized these exams happening without explicit consent sent to teaching hospitals and medical schools Monday. The letter said hospitals need to set “clear guidelines to ensure providers and trainees performing these examinations first obtain and document informed consent.�

It's difficult to say how often these exams take place, experts said, or how often patients understand what they're consenting to when they sign forms before surgery giving broad consent for a range of procedures.

The letter is a “critical leap forward in protecting patients and medical residents," Scott Berkowitz, founder and president of the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, said in a statement.

“It’s a shocking problem with a very simple solution — hospitals need to ask for consent clearly and explicitly,� he said.

Alexandra Fountaine, a medical student at Ohio University who testified in front of a state House committee against the practice, was skeptical that the letter would result in “actual policy or real change.� But, she added, it made her feel more protected and respected.

“Something like that happening is my biggest fear,� she said. “As women we’re all afraid of being violated on a daily basis … but when we’re put in very vulnerable positions, like being anesthetized, I think that’s especially terrifying.�

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