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Japan says the current deployment of missile interceptors is insufficient to defend it from rapid weapons advancement in China and North Korea.

In his policy speech opening this year’s parliamentary session, Kishida said active diplomacy should be prioritized, but it requires "defense power to back it up.� He said Japan's new security strategy is based on a realistic simulation “as we face the most severe and complex security environment since the end of World War II and a question if we can protect the people’s lives in an emergency.�

The strategy seeks to keep in check China’s increasingly assertive territorial ambitions, but it's also a sensitive issue for many countries in Asia that were victims of Japanese wartime aggression. Kishida said it's a “drastic turnaround� of , but still remains within the limitations of its pacifist constitution and international law.

“I make it clear that there will not be even a slightest change from Japan's non-nuclear and self-defense-only principles and our footsteps as a peace-loving country," Kishida said.

This month, to explain and further develop defense ties with its ally the United States.

While the security strategy said China presents “an unprecedented and the greatest strategic challenge� to the peace and security of Japan and the region, Kishida said he hoped to maintain dialogue with China, including with its leader Xi Jinping, to found “constructive and stable relations.�

Japan plans to nearly double its defense budget within five years to 43 trillion yen ($332 billion) and improve cyberspace and intelligence capabilities. While three-quarters of an annual defense budget increase can be squeezed out through spending and fiscal reforms, the remainder needs to come from a possible tax increase, and Kishida has already faced growing criticism from opposition lawmakers and even from his governing party.

Kishida also faces a critical question of population growth.

“We cannot waste any time on the policies for children and childrearing support,� he said. “We must establish a children-first economic society and turn around the birthrate.�

Japan’s population of more than 125 million has been declining for 14 years and is projected to fall to 86.7 million by 2060. A shrinking and aging population has huge implications for the economy and national security.

Kishida pledged to bolster financial support for families with children, including more scholarships, and said he would compile a set of measures of “different dimensions.�

So far, efforts to encourage people to have more babies have had limited impact despite subsidies for pregnancy, childbirth and child care. Some experts say government subsidies still tend to target parents who already have children rather than removing difficulties that are discouraging young people from starting families.

Opposition lawmakers questioned how Kishida's government will manage hefty spending on key policies.

Katsuya Okada, secretary general of the main opposition Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, said it is “wrong� that only defense spending has been predetermined, even when huge spending for measures to address low births and elderly care is expected.

“It is important to think about an appropriate balance of the economy in the mid- to longer term. There must be proper discussion about how much should be spent for what," he said.

Japan is the world’s third-biggest economy but living costs are high and wage increases have been slow. The conservative government has lagged behind on making society more inclusive for children, women and minorities.

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