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The tobacco tax would be raised by 5% a year starting from September, Butler said — a total increase of 3.3 billion Australian dollars ($2.2 billion) over four years. This follows an AU$234-million ($157-million) boost for tougher regulation of e-cigarettes, including new controls on their importation and packaging.

“Vapes contain more than 200 chemicals that do not belong in the lungs. Some of the same chemicals you will find in nail polish remover and weed killer,� Butler said.

The government will work with the states and territories to shut down the sale of vapes in retail and convenience stores and make it easier to get a prescription for therapeutic use.

To tackle the growing black market, the government will increase the product standards for vapes, including by restricting flavors and colors. It will require pharmaceutical-like packaging, a reduction in the maximum allowed nicotine concentrations and volumes and a ban on single-use vapes.

“This is a product targeted at our kids,� Butler said. “Vaping has become the No. 1 behavioral issue in high schools, and it’s becoming widespread in primary schools. This must end."

Butler said the hard-won gains in public health relating to the reduction in smoking could be undone by the “new threat.�

Steve Robson, president of the Australian Medical Association, the nation’s leading doctors group, backed the move. “We know the new young generation of Australians are being hooked on vapes and this is a great initiative,� he said.

Alcohol and Drug Foundation CEO Erin Lalor said most people vaping in Australia were using unregulated products, with no idea what was in them.

“Some people who vape, including young people, may be unknowingly consuming nicotine and have formed a dependence,� she said.

An AU$63-million ($42-million) public health campaign will be launched to discourage Australians from taking up vaping and encourage those who already have to quit. Support programs helping Australians quit vaping will be bolstered by an investment of AU$30 million ($20 million), and education among health practitioners about smoking and nicotine cessation will be strengthened. The government will commit a further AU$140 million ($94 million) for a program helping Indigenous people stop smoking, which will be expanded to include vaping.

Australia has one of the lowest smoking rates among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, with 11.2% of Australians 15 and over smoking in 2019, according to government statistics.