TALLINN, Estonia (AP) 鈥 A snappy tune by a blogger that mockingly laments his poor internet connection in the southern Russian city of Rostov-on-Don has gotten over a half-million views on Instagram in two weeks.
鈥淗ow to say you鈥檙e from Rostov without saying a word? Show one bar of cellphone service," Pavel Osipyan raps while walking around the city, smartphone in hand. "We have internet until 12 o'clock, and recently there鈥檚 been no connection at all. No need to be angry, just get used to it already.鈥
The complaints by Osipyan 鈥 unable to pay electronically for groceries, or having to use paper maps while driving 鈥 aren't isolated to Rostov-on-Don, which borders Ukraine and, as home to Russia's Southern Military District, is targeted frequently by drones.
In the last two months, cellphone internet shutdowns, which officials say are needed to , have hit dozens of Russian regions 鈥 from those near the fighting to parts of Siberia and even the Far East. Some Wi-Fi outages also have been reported.
Russians contacted by The Associated Press talked about card payments not going through, taxi and ride-sharing apps not working properly, ATMs that sometimes fail.
Experts point to the unprecedented nature of the measures and warn of far-reaching consequences in a country where the Kremlin already has significantly .
Such shutdowns in the name of security legitimize them to the public and open the door for authorities abusing the restrictions, said Anastasiya Zhyrmont, policy manager for Eastern Europe and Central Asia at the Access Now digital rights group.
A signal to regional authorities
Experts say the trend began in May, when of the defeat of the Nazi Germany in World War II and foreign dignitaries flocked to Moscow for a big military parade.
The capital suffered severe disruptions of cellphone connectivity to the internet for days, and Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov confirmed those were deliberate restrictions due to regular Ukrainian drone attacks. Asked how long they'd last, he replied, "This will be done as needed.鈥
Russia has restricted smartphone connectivity before, with isolated instances during protests, as well as in regions bordering Ukraine.
Shutdowns in the capital, however, sent a signal to authorities across the vast country that it鈥檚 a useful tool, said lawyer Sarkis Darbinyan, founder of Russian internet freedom group Roskomsvoboda.
in early June, in which drones launched from containers on trucks attacked airfields deep inside Russia, made officials all the more eager to take action, Darbinyan said.
鈥淭hey got really scared that drones now may appear, like a jack-in-the-box, in any Russian regions,鈥 he told AP.
By mid-July, deliberate shutdowns spread to most of the country, according to Na Svyazi 鈥 Russian for 鈥渟taying connected鈥 鈥 an activist group tracking internet availability.
On Thursday, the group said 61 of Russia's more than 80 regions suffered cellphone internet shutdowns. In 42 regions, there were reports of broadband network outages.
The Russian military reported downing 122 Ukrainian drones over a dozen regions overnight Wednesday to Thursday. It said 73 drones were shot down early Friday.
Some regional officials confirmed that cellphone internet was restricted for security reasons. Nizhny Novgorod Gov. Gleb Nikitin said this month the measure will stay in place in the region east of Moscow for 鈥渁s long as the threat remains.鈥
Asked Thursday whether such mass shutdowns were justified, Peskov said 鈥渆verything that has to do with ensuring the safety of citizens, everything is justified and everything is a priority.鈥
Unpredictable disruptions
Russians from affected regions say the outages can last for hours or days; patterns also are hard to discern, with service working in one part of a city but vanishing elsewhere.
In Voronezh, near Ukraine and frequently targeted by drones, one resident said she felt like she was in 鈥渁 cave鈥 in early July with no cellphone internet or Wi-Fi in her home. The woman, who spoke to AP on condition of anonymity because of security concerns, said she was only able to get online at work the next day.
Cellphone internet in the southwestern city of Samara "goes out at the most unpredictable moments,鈥 said Natalia, who also spoke on condition that her last name be withheld for safety reasons. Her home Wi-Fi recently also has slowed to a near halt around 11 p.m., staying that way for a few hours, she said.
Connectivity has improved recently in the Siberian city of Omsk, said Viktor Shkurenko, who owns retail stores and other businesses there. But cellphone internet service was out in his office for an entire week. A few of his smaller stores that rely on cellphone networks suffered disruptions, but nothing critical, he said.
鈥淚 don鈥檛 feel any super strong discomfort," said Grigori Khromov of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia鈥檚 fifth-largest city where regular and widespread shutdowns were reported. "I have an office job and I work either at home or in the office and have either wire internet or Wi-Fi.鈥
In rural areas, small towns and villages, where cellphone internet often is the only way to get online, the situation was harder to gauge.
Pharmacies in such areas have struggled, Russian media reported and the Independent Pharmacies Association confirmed to AP. Viktoria Presnyakova, head of the association, said in a statement that prescriptions must be logged in special software, but that becomes impossible without an internet connection for weeks.
A social media user in the complained on Gov. Vyacheslav Gladkov鈥檚 social media page that without cellphone internet and a working alarm system, village residents have to bang on a rail to warn neighbors of an attack. The authorities promised to look into improving connectivity in the area.
Authorities elsewhere also announced steps to minimize disruptions by opening Wi-Fi spots. They also are reportedly planning to establish an agency to coordinate the shutdowns, according to Izvestia, a Kremlin-backed newspaper that cited unidentified government sources. Peskov said he was unaware of the plan.
Russia's efforts at internet control
Russian and Ukrainian drones use cellphone internet networks to operate, so shutdowns are one way authorities try to counter the attacks, said Kateryna Stepanenko, a Russia analyst at the Washington-based Institute for the Study of War.
But it's also part of the Kremlin's long-term effort to rein in the internet. Authorities have actively censored online content in the last decade, blocking thousands of websites of independent media, opposition groups and human rights organizations.
After Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, as well as encrypted messenger platform Signal and a few other messaging apps.
Access to YouTube 鈥 wildly popular in Russia 鈥 was disrupted last year in what experts called deliberate throttling by the authorities. The Kremlin blamed YouTube owner Google for not properly maintaining its hardware in Russia.
State internet watchdogs routinely block virtual private network services that help circumvent the restrictions, and there are plans to introduce a national messenger app, expected to replace foreign ones.
Along with the shutdowns, these are part of a larger campaign 鈥渢o establish control over the internet, which is something the Kremlin had failed to do 20 years prior on the same level that China did,鈥 said the ISW's Stepanenko.
Access Now's Zhyrmont says it's 鈥渧ery disturbing鈥 that Russians have gotten used to living with growing internet restrictions, including shutdowns.
鈥淭his shouldn't be modern reality,鈥 she said.
